PD-L1
Other names: TPS, CPS, PD-L1 expression
PD-L1 is a protein marker assessed with a score; the score helps interpret the relevance of immunotherapy categories.
Not a diagnosis and not final medical advice. Must be reviewed by a doctor.
Plain explanation
PD-L1 is a protein that can help cancer cells evade the immune system. This examination measures how much of this protein is found in tumor samples.
Clinical meaning
PD-L1 scores are reported to differ according to cancer type: TPS (tumor proportion score) in lung cancer, CPS (combined positive score) in gastric cancer. Rates from one type of cancer cannot be transferred to another type of cancer.
Testing methods
- PD-L1 immunohistochemistry
A staining test to assess PD-L1 expression and its score.
- Tumour tissue biopsy
Collection of tumour tissue to confirm the diagnosis and provide material for further testing.
A negative result does not always mean the marker is absent
Test sensitivity differs by sample type and method. Results need to be read together with the pathology report and clinical condition.
What needs verification
- The type of score used (TPS or CPS) and the number.
- Antibodies and assay platforms used by laboratories.
- Correspondence between the score and the patient's cancer type.
- History of autoimmune disease and immunosuppressant drugs if discussed with a doctor.
Related drugs
- Pembrolizumab
Anti-PD-1 antibodies
- Nivolumab
Anti-PD-1 antibodies
- Atezolizumab
Anti-PD-L1 antibodies
- Durvalumab
Anti-PD-L1 antibodies
- Cemiplimab
Anti-PD-1 antibodies
A link here means the marker is often part of considering a drug category, not a recommendation to use it.
Guides discussing this marker
- CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer: what does the result mean?9 min read
- Understanding biomarkers without heavy jargon7 min read
- Reading a pathology report: which parts matter most6 min read
Written to help prepare questions and documents, not to replace a doctor's assessment.
Clinical trials
Studies mentioning this marker
Filtered from public study descriptions. Access status and site readiness remain unverified.
NCT06170788Phase 3Immunotherapy
Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥ 50% (MK-2870-007)
Lung Cancer | biomarker: PD-L1 | Immunotherapy, Perawatan suportif dan paliatif
United States, Argentina, Australia +23220 registry sites
Why this appears: Appears because it is recorded for Lung Cancer, it mentions marker PD-L1, the treatment category is Immunotherapy.
What to verify: Acceptance of patients from outside the local country has not been verified.
- Registry
- Recruiting in registry
- Site
- Not verified
- International access
- Unknown
- Patient match
- Not assessed
Last checked 16 Oktober 2026Source ClinicalTrials.govNCT06170788Not verified
NCT06203600Phase 2 / Phase 3Combination regimen
Adding Nivolumab to Usual Treatment for People With Advanced Stomach or Esophageal Cancer, PARAMUNE Trial
Stomach Cancer | biomarker: PD-L1 | Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy
United States375 registry sites
Why this appears: Appears because it is recorded for Stomach Cancer, it mentions marker PD-L1, the treatment category is Immunotherapy.
What to verify: Acceptance of patients from outside the local country has not been verified.
- Registry
- Recruiting in registry
- Site
- Not verified
- International access
- Unknown
- Patient match
- Not assessed
Last checked 16 Oktober 2026Source ClinicalTrials.govNCT06203600Not verified
NCT05920356Phase 3Combination regimen
A Study Evaluating Sotorasib Platinum Doublet Combination Versus Pembrolizumab Platinum Doublet Combination as a Front-Line Therapy in Participants With Stage IV or Advanced Stage IIIB/C Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (CodeBreaK 202)
Lung Cancer | biomarker: KRAS, PD-L1 | Immunotherapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy
United States, Argentina, Australia +35421 registry sites
Why this appears: Appears because it is recorded for Lung Cancer, it mentions marker KRAS, the treatment category is Immunotherapy.
What to verify: Acceptance of patients from outside the local country has not been verified.
- Registry
- Recruiting in registry
- Site
- Not verified
- International access
- Unknown
- Patient match
- Not assessed
Last checked 16 Oktober 2026Source ClinicalTrials.govNCT05920356Not verified
NCT06119581Phase 3Immunotherapy
A Study of First-Line Olomorasib (LY3537982) and Pembrolizumab With or Without Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced KRAS G12C-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer | biomarker: KRAS, PD-L1 | Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy
United States, Australia, Austria +26415 registry sites
Why this appears: Appears because it is recorded for Lung Cancer, it mentions marker KRAS, the treatment category is Immunotherapy.
What to verify: Acceptance of patients from outside the local country has not been verified.
- Registry
- Recruiting in registry
- Site
- Not verified
- International access
- Unknown
- Patient match
- Not assessed
Last checked 16 Oktober 2026Source ClinicalTrials.govNCT06119581Not verified
NCT04107077Phase 2Combination regimen
Phase II Study of the Effects of Laparoscopic Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer
Stomach Cancer | biomarker: PD-L1 | Chemotherapy
United States1 registry sites
Why this appears: Appears because it is recorded for Stomach Cancer, it mentions marker PD-L1, the treatment category is Chemotherapy.
What to verify: Acceptance of patients from outside the local country has not been verified.
- Registry
- Recruiting in registry
- Site
- Not verified
- International access
- Unknown
- Patient match
- Not assessed
Last checked 16 Oktober 2026Source ClinicalTrials.govNCT04107077Not verified
Check options based on your result
Share the PD-L1 result you have so we can explain which categories to discuss with a doctor.
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Next steps
These suggestions come from links between entries in TanyaKanker's database, not from a medical judgement. Each suggestion includes why it appears.
Next to learn
- Liver Cancer
Cancer type
Reason: Related through a biomarker
- Stomach Cancer
Cancer type
Reason: Related through a biomarker
- Gastric cancer after chemotherapy no longer gives results
Decision situation
Reason: Related through a biomarker
- Newly diagnosed lung cancer
Decision situation
Reason: Related through a biomarker
- High PD-L1 TPS (50 percent or more)
Molecular alteration
Reason: Related through a biomarker
- Low PD-L1 TPS (1 to 49 percent)
Molecular alteration
Reason: Related through a biomarker
To check
- Tumour tissue biopsy
Diagnostic test
Reason: Diperiksa melalui
- Image-guided breast biopsy
Diagnostic test
Reason: Diperiksa melalui
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Diagnostic test
Reason: Diperiksa melalui
- PD-L1 immunohistochemistry
Diagnostic test
Reason: Diperiksa melalui
- Check medical report completeness
Tool
Reason: Prepare documents that still need confirmation
- Prepare questions for your doctor
Tool
Reason: Bring clear questions to the next conversation
What you can do
- Upload medical reports
Build a case summary in twelve steps
Reason: Often the most useful next step after reading this page
- Request a second opinion
Review of the treatment plan
Reason: Relevant when a treatment plan is being considered
- Consult a navigator
A request is recorded with this page context
Reason: For asking the next step directly
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