Treatments
Cancer treatment categories
Treatment pages explain how it works, where it sits in the treatment pathway, who is usually considered, preparation, monitoring, and the questions to ask.
Standard treatment
Categories usually on the first line of treatment.
- StandardDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Operasi (pembedahan onkologi)
Removal of a tumour through surgery, often part of a plan intended to cure early-stage solid cancers.
Umumnya dipertimbangkan pada stadium yang masih dapat diangkat. Pada penyakit lanjut, operasi dapat berperan untuk tujuan tertentu seperti mengurangi gejala.
- StandardDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Radioterapi
Directed radiation used to kill or control cancer cells in a defined area.
Dapat berada di hampir semua titik jalur pengobatan, tergantung tujuan dan lokasi penyakit.
- StandardDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Kemoterapi
Systemic cytotoxic drugs that act on rapidly dividing cells, given in scheduled cycles.
Dapat menjadi terapi utama, terapi pendahulu sebelum operasi, terapi setelah operasi, atau terapi paliatif.
Advanced treatment
Categories discussed when more specific targeting or cellular therapy is needed.
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Targeted Therapy
Drugs that act on a specific molecular marker in cancer cells, chosen from biomarker test results.
Umumnya dipertimbangkan ketika ditemukan penanda yang dapat ditindaklanjuti, sering pada penyakit lanjut atau yang kambuh.
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Immunotherapy
Treatment that helps the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells, usually through immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Dapat menjadi terapi lini pertama pada kelompok tertentu, terapi setelah terapi lain, atau kombinasi dengan kemoterapi.
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
CAR-T (terapi sel T dengan reseptor antigen kimera)
Cell therapy that modifies a patient's T cells to recognise a marker on cancer cells, then returns them to the patient.
Umumnya dibahas pada limfoma sel B atau multiple myeloma yang kambuh atau refrakter setelah beberapa lini terapi, dan pada sebagian keganasan sel darah lainnya.
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Stem Cell Transplant
Infusion of haematopoietic stem cells after high-dose treatment or as part of recovery, to restore blood production.
Umumnya dipertimbangkan pada penyakit yang responsif dengan risiko memadai, sering setelah beberapa siklus terapi awal.
Precision radiotherapy and intervention
Approaches aimed at a specific target or minimally invasive procedures.
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
SBRT (radioterapi stereotaktik)
Highly targeted high-dose radiotherapy delivered in a small number of sessions to a small, well-defined target.
Sering dibahas pada penyakit terbatas atau jumlah lesi yang sedikit, termasuk pada penyakit yang sudah menyebar namun terbatas (oligometastatik).
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Oncology Intervention
Minimally invasive, image-guided procedures used for diagnosis, local treatment or managing complications.
Melintasi seluruh jalur: membantu diagnosis, menjadi terapi lokal pada lesi tertentu, atau menangani komplikasi.
- AdvancedDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Terapi radionuklida (radioligand)
Drugs that carry radiation to a specific target on cancer cells through a binding molecule.
Umumnya dibahas pada penyakit lanjut setelah terapi lain, atau dalam kerangka uji klinis.
Supportive care
Symptom management and quality of life alongside cancer treatment.
- StandardDraft, not yet medically reviewed
Perawatan suportif dan paliatif
Management of symptoms, pain and daily needs alongside cancer treatment.
Dapat dimulai pada titik mana pun sejak diagnosis.
Not a diagnosis and not final medical advice. Must be reviewed by a doctor.