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Biomarkers

Biological markers in cancer

Search for the gene, protein, or marker named in a report. Each page explains why a result must be read together with the cancer type, test method, sample, and treatment history.

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Ilustrasi reseptor di permukaan sel dengan molekul ligan yang mendekatIlustrasi potongan jaringan dengan dua tingkat pewarnaan imunohistokimiaIlustrasi panel pemeriksaan genetik dengan untai DNA

25 biomarkers shown

  • EGFR

    Changes in the EGFR gene can make lung cancer cells grow more aggressively; the result affects which targeted therapy categories are worth discussing.

    Assessed through 4 related test types

  • ALK

    ALK gene fusion is one of the most important markers to discuss in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

    Assessed through 4 related test types

  • ROS1

    ROS1 fusion is a rare marker that can direct discussion toward specific targeted therapy categories.

    Assessed through 4 related test types

  • KRAS

    Some specific KRAS changes in lung cancer can now be targeted, while others remain limited to standard pathways or clinical trials.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • MET

    MET changes can be exon 14 skipping or amplification; the two are discussed differently in treatment planning.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • RET

    RET fusion is rare, but when found it can open discussion of a specific targeted therapy category.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • BRAF

    BRAF V600E mutation can be discussed in the category of combination targeted therapy for some patients.

    Assessed through 4 related test types

  • HER2

    HER2 status is assessed on tissue testing; the result affects treatment categories in stomach cancer and some lung cancers.

    Assessed through 4 related test types

  • NTRK

    NTRK fusion is very rare, but is a marker that can be discussed across cancer types.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • PD-L1

    PD-L1 is a protein marker assessed with a score; the score helps interpret the relevance of immunotherapy categories.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • MSI / MMR

    MSI/MMR status reflects DNA repair function in the tumour and can open an immunotherapy category.

    Assessed through 4 related test types

  • CLDN18.2

    CLDN18.2 is a cell-surface protein that can be a marker for a targeted therapy category in stomach cancer.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • CD19

    CD19 is a marker on B cells and is the basis for several cellular therapies, including some CAR-T categories.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • CD20

    CD20 is a classic marker in B-cell lymphoma and is the basis for a major antibody therapy group.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • CD30

    CD30 is an important marker in Hodgkin lymphoma and some T-cell lymphomas.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • Del(17p) / TP53

    17p deletion and TP53 mutation are high-risk cytogenetic factors in multiple myeloma.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • TMB (tumour mutational burden)

    TMB measures how many changes are present in tumour DNA and is sometimes used as an additional consideration in immunotherapy discussion.

    Assessed through 1 related test types

  • BCMA

    BCMA is a marker on plasma cells and is the basis for several advanced therapies in multiple myeloma.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

  • GPRC5D

    GPRC5D is an alternative marker on myeloma cells used when BCMA targeting is no longer effective.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • CD22

    CD22 is a marker on B cells used as a target in some leukemias and B-cell lymphomas.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • GPC3

    GPC3 is a surface protein often found in hepatocellular carcinoma and is being studied as a therapy target.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • BRCA1 / BRCA2

    BRCA1 or BRCA2 changes can be inherited or limited to the tumour, and affect treatment discussion as well as family risk.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • MGMT

    MGMT promoter methylation status is discussed in glioma and relates to how cells repair damage caused by certain drugs.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • FLT3

    Changes in the FLT3 gene are findings often discussed in acute myeloid leukemia.

    Assessed through 2 related test types

  • BCR-ABL

    The BCR-ABL transcript is a defining marker in chronic myeloid leukemia and some acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

    Assessed through 3 related test types

Not a diagnosis and not final medical advice. Must be reviewed by a doctor.